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Exemplar theory assumes that people categorize a novel object by comparing its similarity to the memory representations of all previous exemplars from each relevant category. Exemplar theory has been the most prominent cognitive theory of categorization for more than 30 years.Prototype theory suggests that a new stimulus is compared to a single prototype in a category, while exemplar theory suggests that a new stimulus is compared to multiple known exemplars in a category.The exemplar methodology is a sample selection technique that involves the intentional selection of individuals, groups, or entities that exemplify the construct of interest in a highly developed manner. This definition is derived from the empirical studies in developmental psychology that have employed this approach.
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What are the exemplar and prototype approaches to categorization?
Prototype theory suggests that a new stimulus is compared to a single prototype in a category, while exemplar theory suggests that a new stimulus is compared to multiple known exemplars in a category.
What is the exemplar approach?
The exemplar methodology is a sample selection technique that involves the intentional selection of individuals, groups, or entities that exemplify the construct of interest in a highly developed manner. This definition is derived from the empirical studies in developmental psychology that have employed this approach.
Module 4B Prototype and Exemplar Approaches to Categorization
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What is the prototype approach to categorization?
a theory of categorization proposing that people form an average of the members of a category and then use the average as a prototype for making judgments about category membership.
What is the definitional approach to categories?
What is the definitional approach to categorization? a. We may decide whether something is a member of a category by determining whether a particular object meets the definition of the category.
How do the prototype approach and the exemplar approach differ from each other?
Clifford: “The prototype approach says that concepts are associated with one best example of a category; the exemplar approach says that concepts are associated with many specific examples of a category.”
What is exemplar based learning?
In exemplar-based learning, such as the k-NN rule, objects are categorized by their similarity to one or more sets of stored examples, which can be represented as weighted feature vectors. Similarity is often defined as the distance between the vectors.
What is the exemplar theory of categorization quizlet?
basic-level categorization. A “natural” level of categorization, neither too specific nor too general, that you tend to use in your conversations and your reasoning. exemplar theory. the best way to identify an object is to remember another object of the same category that you’ve come to know.
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Exemplar theory – Wikipedia
Exemplar theory is a proposal concerning the way humans categorize objects and ideas in psychology. It argues that individuals make category judgments by …
Exemplar Theory definition | Psychology Glossary – AlleyDog …
Exemplar Theory (or Exemplar Model) proposes that human memory assigns objects and ideas into broad categories and when confronted with a new object, …
What is the exemplar approach to categorization how does it …
What is Prototype vs exemplar knowledge? … Exemplar and prototype theory. While a prototype is an abstract average of the members of a category, an exemplar is …
Exemplar theory – APA Dictionary of Psychology
the hypothesis that categorization depends on specific remembered instances of the category, as opposed to an abstract prototype or a feature-based rule that …
Which approach to categorization can more easily?
Which approach to categorization can more easily take into account atypical cases such as flightless birds? An advantage of the exemplar approach over the prototype approach is that the exemplar approach provides a better explanation of the effect.
What is the difference between Exemplar and example?
An example is just “any old example of something”. Think of a list of “examples”. They could be good bad or indifferent. In contrast an “exemplar” is a “model” of that thing, a really terrific one that others can be modelled on.
What is prototype example?
Using basic sketches and rough materials, the prototype may be a simple drawing or rough model that helps innovators determine what they need to improve and fix in their design. For example, engineers may complete a working model prototype to test a product before it is approved for manufacturing.
What is an example of a prototype in psychology?
n. 1. in concept formation, the best or average exemplar of a category. For example, the prototypical bird is some kind of mental average of all the different kinds of birds of which a person has knowledge or with which a person has had experience. 2.
Category Recognition (Intro Psych Tutorial #88)
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What is the simplest way to discover the basic level of categorization for an object?
The simplest way to identify an object’s basic-level category is to discover how it would be labeled in a neutral situation. Rosch et al. (1976) showed subjects pictures and asked them to provide the first name that came to mind.
What are examples of categories?
The definition of a category is any sort of division or class. An example of category is food that is made from grains.
Which approach to categorization involves forming a representation based on an average of category members that a person has encountered in the past?
The priming effect was most robust for basic level categories. The prototype approach to categorization states that a standard representation of a category is based on: Category members that have been encountered in the past.
What are the three ways of organizing concepts?
There are three ways of organizing concepts: conceptual hierarchy, where one groups similar information together, schemas, where one organizes what one already knows about something, and semantic networks, where a group of concepts are linked or connected together by related concepts.
What can we conclude from comparing prototype approach and exemplar approach?
What can we conclude from comparing prototype approach and exemplar approach? We might first rely on the exemplar approach to form new concepts, and then switch to prototype approach when that concept contains many members.
Which approach to semantic memory emphasizes that our memory stores many specific examples of a category?
Clifford: “The prototype approach says that concepts are associated with one best example of a category; the exemplar approach says that concepts are associated with many specific examples of a category.”
How does the parallel distributed processing approach explain learning?
The Parallel Distributed Processing (PDP) model of memory is based on the idea that the brain does not function in a series of activities but rather performs a range of activities at the same time, parallel to each other.
Who proposed exemplar theory?
In the 1980s, Robert Nosofsky proposed exemplar theory as a potential explanation. Exemplar theory is a cognitive and psychological explanation for how categorisation occurs.
Which of the following options most accurately describes the difference between prototype theory and exemplar theory?
D) Prototype theory is best for categorization of complex and abstract objects, whereas exemplar theory is best for categorization of simple objects.
What are exemplars quizlet?
What is an exemplar? An experienced example of a category (basically an example).
Exemplar Theory
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How does prior knowledge help us with categorization?
According to this theory, prior knowledge facilitates the learning of category members that meet expectations and filters away unexpected observations so that observed category members that are congruent with prior knowledge have a greater effect on categorization than incongruent category members.
How do prototypes and exemplars relate to each other quizlet?
Prototype theory is almost entirely focused on the physical nature of something, which is how we make a categorical determination. Exemplars are similar, albeit they do take into account some contextual elements to help us identify subjects in different environments and situations.
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