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Which enzyme is important in the Phase II reactions? Explanation: Phase II reactions involve the transfer of a suitable moiety such as glucuronic acid sulfate, glycine, etc. to the phase I reaction. This transfer is mediated by the presence of the enzyme Transferase. 2.Phase II reactions consist of adding hydrophilic groups to the original molecule, a toxic intermediate or a nontoxic metabolite formed in phase I, that requires further transformation to increase its polarity. These reactions include conjugation reactions, glucuronidation, acetylation, and sulfation.Glucuronidation, the most common phase II reaction, is the only one that occurs in the liver microsomal enzyme system. Glucuronides are secreted in bile and eliminated in urine. Thus, conjugation makes most drugs more soluble and easily excreted by the kidneys.
| Q. | Which enzyme is important in the Phase II reactions? |
|---|---|
| B. | Amidases |
| C. | Transferase |
| D. | Aldo-keto-reductases |
| Answer» c. Transferase |
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Which enzyme is important in the phase II reactions * A esterase B Amidases C transferase D aldo keto reductases?
| Q. | Which enzyme is important in the Phase II reactions? |
|---|---|
| B. | Amidases |
| C. | Transferase |
| D. | Aldo-keto-reductases |
| Answer» c. Transferase |
What is a Phase 2 reaction?
Phase II reactions consist of adding hydrophilic groups to the original molecule, a toxic intermediate or a nontoxic metabolite formed in phase I, that requires further transformation to increase its polarity. These reactions include conjugation reactions, glucuronidation, acetylation, and sulfation.
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Which of the following is a phase 2 drug metabolizing reaction?
Glucuronidation, the most common phase II reaction, is the only one that occurs in the liver microsomal enzyme system. Glucuronides are secreted in bile and eliminated in urine. Thus, conjugation makes most drugs more soluble and easily excreted by the kidneys.
What is Phase 2 metabolism known as?
This chapter focuses on phase II biotransformation reactions (also called ´conjugation reactions´) which generally serve as a detoxifying step in metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics as well as endogenous substrates.
Which of the following statements is th closest description of phase II metabolism?
Option A is correct, the addition of a polar molecule to the functional group already present on a drug occurs in phase II metabolism.
Which of the following compound is detoxified by glucuronidation reaction Mcq?
8- Which of the following compounds is detoxified by Glucuronidation reactions? Methanol.
What are cytochrome P450 enzymes?
The cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are a protein superfamily involved in the synthesis and metabolism of drugs, toxins and normal cellular components. Image Credit: yavyav / Shutterstock. The CYP family of enzymes have been identified in many organisms, including animals, plants, bacteria, and even in a few viruses.
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Phase II drug metabolizing enzymes – PubMed
Phase II drug metabolising enzymes are mainly transferases. This review covers the major phase II enzymes: UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, sulfotransferases, N- …
Phase II Drug Metabolism | IntechOpen
Histamine N–methyltransferase (HNMT) , the second most important histamine inactivating enzyme, is a cytosolic enzyme specifically methylating the imidazole …
Phase II Enzymes | SpringerLink
Phase 2 enzymes traditionally refer to the enzymes catalyzing the conjugation reactions, such as glutathione S-transferase (GST), …
Which enzyme is important in the Phase II reactions? – McqMate
Which enzyme is important in the Phase II reactions? A. Esterase. B. Amidases. C. Transferase. D. Aldo-keto-reductases …
Where does Phase II metabolism occur?
Glucuronidation, the most common phase II reaction, is the only one that occurs in the liver microsomal enzyme system. Glucuronides are secreted in bile and eliminated in urine. Thus, conjugation makes most drugs more soluble and easily excreted by the kidneys.
What is the Phase I and Phase II reaction explain in detail?
Phase I reactions of drug metabolism involve oxidation, reduction, or hydrolysis of the parent drug, resulting in its conversion to a more polar molecule. Phase II reactions involve conjugation by coupling the drug or its metabolites to another molecule, such as glucuronidation, acylation, sulfate, or glicine.
What are drug metabolizing enzymes?
Drug metabolizing enzymes (DME) play a very important role in the clearance of drugs by converting lipophilic molecules to more water-soluble metabolites so that they can be excreted through the kidney or biliary clearance. Enzymes can be inhibited or induced, which may lead to clinical drug–drug interactions (DDI).
Which of the following represents a Phase II metabolic transformation?
Esterases catalyze the hydrolysis of esters. Glucuronyltransferase catalyzes the transfer or attachment of a sugar moiety onto a polar functional group. This is a conjugation reaction which represents a phase II metabolic reaction.
Which of the following is a phase II drug metabolism reactions associated with genetic polymorphism?
Drug metabolism is conventionally described as consisting of phase 1 oxidation reactions, primarily mediated by cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver, and phase 2 conjugations such as glucuronidation, sulphation and acetylation. The first drug metabolising polymorphism was described over 40 years ago for acetylation.
Enzymes (Updated)
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What are the 2 phases in the process of metabolism?
Two phases of metabolism are anabolism and catabolism. The sum of the physical and chemical processes by which living organized substance is built up and maintained (anabolism). Large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules to make energy available to the organism (catabolism).
What is 2nd pass metabolism?
However, significant hepatic extraction still occurs because of second pass metabolism, whereby a fraction of venous blood travels through the hepatic portal vein and hepatocytes.
What are microsomal enzymes?
Microsomal enzymes are typically found in the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes. Microsomes are fragments of endoplasmic reticulum and attached ribosomes that are isolated together when homogenized cells are centrifuged.
Which of the following enzymes is not involved in catalysing a Phase 1 metabolic reaction?
| Q. | Which of the following enzymes is not involved in catalyzing Phase I metabolic reaction? |
|---|---|
| B. | Oxidation of alkyl groups |
| C. | Glucuronyl transferase |
| D. | Esterases |
| Answer» c. Glucuronyl transferase |
Where are non microsomal enzymes present?
B. Non-microsomal enzymes: ➢These are present in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of hepatic cells as well as in other tissues including plasma. ➢The esterases, amidases, some flavoprotein oxidases and most conjugases are nonmicrosomal.
Which of the following is not a crucial requirement for a drug to act as an agonist?
An inverse agonist binds to a receptor and stabilizes the inactive form of the protein such that the endogenous messenger cannot bind. Which of the following is NOT a crucial requirement for a drug to act as an agonist? For a drug to act as an agonist, it must have functional groups that can act as binding groups.
Which enzyme is involved in glucuronidation reaction?
Glucuronidation reactions are catalyzed by a family of enzymes called uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), which likely evolved in response to the need to excrete lipophilic compounds from the body.
Which enzyme is responsible for conjugation of glucuronic acid with drug molecule?
Glucuronosyl Transferases (UGTs)
The UGT gene superfamily catalyzes the conjugation (with glucuronic acid) of several drugs used clinically in pediatrics, including morphine, acetaminophen, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, and benzodiazepines.
Is glucuronic acid an enzyme?
5 Enzymes of Glucuronate Metabolism
Glucuronic acid and various related compounds are found in the mucopolysaccharides of connective tissues, and one might therefore expect to find the appropriate interconverting enzymes in skin.
How many CYP450 enzymes are there?
Cytochrome P450 enzymes are essential for the metabolism of many medications. Although this class has more than 50 enzymes, six of them metabolize 90 percent of drugs, with the two most significant enzymes being CYP3A4 and CYP2D6.
Osmosis | Pharmacokinetics: Drug metabolism
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Which CYP450 enzyme is responsible for the majority of drug metabolism?
CYP3A4 is the most abundantly expressed drug metabolizing enzyme in man responsible for the breakdown of over 120 different medications and is thus an important area for study with respect to enzyme based drug interactions.
What is the main function of cytochrome P450?
Background: The cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are membrane-bound hemoproteins that play a pivotal role in the detoxification of xenobiotics, cellular metabolism and homeostasis. Induction or inhibition of CYP enzymes is a major mechanism that underlies drug-drug interactions.
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